Physical exercise as a complementary treatment and its effect on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Keywords:
physical exercise, Parkinson's disease, quality of life, rehabilitationAbstract
Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that is characterized by a variety of motor symptoms such as tremor, muscle stiffness and postural instability among many others, which also greatly affect the quality of life of people with this pathology.
In this sense, systematic physical exercise is a very beneficial strategy for patients with Parkinson's disease (Ni et al., 2018; Tang et al., 2019), due to the fact that the evidence is consistent in proposing its broad favorable effects on health physical and mental, being proposed as a complementary treatment in this condition, due to its regulatory effect on cognitive functions associated with emotional and depressive disorders associated with quality of life.
Objective: To analyze randomized controlled studies that report the effects of physical exercise programs on the quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease.
Methodology: For this review study, the guidelines of “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the analysis model of Cochrane reviews were considered, to analyze RCTs with physical exercise programs that report effects on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's, using PDQ39, PDQL and PQLQ tests
Results: The 13 RCTs selected for reporting quality of life include 427 patients (mean age 64 years) who underwent physical exercise. Regarding the modalities, 9 studies used the continuous modality and 4 resistance strength modalities. All the studies showed individualization of the workouts with a frequency of 3 times a week and 60 minutes of average duration. Regarding quality of life, 8 of the 9 RCTs with continuous training and 2 of the 4 RCTs with strength - resistance show significant improvements in the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Discussion: In this systematic review, it was possible to detect studies that report favorable effects of physical exercise on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. This must be generated, because exercise not only improves muscular and systemic organic functionality, but is associated with the generation of neuronal molecular responses that improve brain activity associated with cognitive functioning, which would explain the reported effects. The relevant element is that this happens even in this complex neurodegenerative condition.
Conclusions: In relation to the clinical application of the results, it is necessary to include individualized physical exercise programs of a mixed type as a complementary treatment for patients with Parkinson's, since it will be essential to favorably influence the elements of cognition associated with the quality of life of patients . Physical education should deepen a more concrete contribution in this area.
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